Campania, schools at risk: only 12 out of 100 buildings have a certificate of habitability.

In Campania, public schools lag behind in structural safety, sustainability, and service quality. This is confirmed by Legambiente in the national Ecosistema Scuola report, which collects 2025 data from four provincial capitals—Avellino, Benevento, Naples, and Salerno—regarding 434 buildings under municipal jurisdiction: preschools, elementary schools, and middle schools, serving over 100 students. Caserta did not provide sufficient information.

Habitability and testing: the most alarming numbers

By 2025, only 12% of monitored school buildings will have a certificate of occupancy. The static testing rate is even lower: 12,4%. The fire prevention situation is better, but not conclusive: 70% of the buildings have a certificate.

Of particular concern is the integrity of attics, whose collapse remains the leading cause of accidents in Italian schools. Only 42% of buildings have benefited from diagnostic investigations in the last five years. Safety interventions are even rarer: just 16% at the regional level. Extraordinary maintenance does not fill the gap.

Despite having affected 65% of schools in the five-year period, six out of ten buildings (60,2%) still require urgent work in 2025. Ecological transition at a standstill. On the energy front, Legambiente's verdict is clear: no school in class A or B and no monitored building has received efficiency improvements.

The ecological transition in the Campania schools sampled is essentially at a standstill. Services: lights on the cafeteria, shadows on full-time instruction and sports. School services paint a more nuanced picture. Full-time instruction is available in 42% of classes.

School canteens are available in 78% of buildings, and in the four provincial capitals that provided data, access to the service is 100% guaranteed for low-income families. Sports facilities are available in 58,8% of schools, but in Southern Italy, only 32% are accessible outside of school hours.

The map of the capitals

Avellino. 21 buildings, with approximately 4.500 students, were monitored. All have static test certificates and seismic vulnerability assessments. Eighteen have certificates of occupancy, the best result in the regional sample.

Benevento. The investigation involves 18 schools and approximately 4.800 students. All buildings have been assessed for seismic vulnerability. However, only three schools have completed the static test and two have completed the occupancy certificate. Of the 15 structures required by law to have a fire prevention certificate, only four have one.

Naples. This is the heart of the sample: 335 buildings for approximately 81 children. Of the 337 buildings in seismic zone 2, 95% comply with earthquake-resistant technical regulations. The deficit in safety certifications remains serious: only 25 buildings have a certificate of occupancy, and 20 have a structural test.

Salerno. Sixty buildings were analyzed. Only ten have a structural test certificate; all, however, have a fire prevention certificate. Seismic vulnerability assessments were performed on only 15 structures. The report confirms a clear divide: some progress has been made on services and fire safety certification, but structural delays remain significant in terms of usability, structural stability, floors, and energy efficiency.

For tens of thousands of students in Campania, the bell rings in buildings that, on paper, are not yet fully safe.