Extreme heat in Naples: Emergency response for at-risk patients activated at the CTO.

Naples is preparing to face the heat emergency with an extra weapon. In recent weeks, high temperatures have severely tested the health of the elderly, children, and vulnerable populations, groups particularly exposed to the effects of intense heat.

The "Heat Path" is now operational in the Emergency Room of the CTO Hospital of the Colli Hospital Company. This protocol, successfully tested over the past three years, is designed to promptly identify and manage cases of heatstroke and other complications related to high temperatures.

Heatstroke is the most serious form of heat-related injury: when the body can no longer dissipate heat, core temperatures can exceed 40 degrees Celsius, posing serious risks to vital organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles. At the CTO, starting at the triage stage, special attention is paid to patients over 65 and children under 5, who are considered the most vulnerable.

The clinical evaluation also takes into account medical history and the use of medications such as diuretics and antihypertensives, which can influence the body's response to heat.

"Early recognition of warning signs is crucial," explains Dr. Mario Guarino, director of the Emergency Medicine and Emergency Department at the CTO. "Heat isn't just an environmental nuisance; it can quickly cause serious problems in vulnerable individuals. Our approach allows us to identify suspected cases early, assess their severity, and initiate the most appropriate procedures."

Patients are monitored using the ABCDE system, including vital signs, specific blood tests, blood gas analysis, electrocardiogram, and, if necessary, cardiac monitoring. In the most critical cases, immediate transfer to a shock room is planned to ensure timely intervention. "When the temperature exceeds 40 degrees, active cooling, hydration, and clinical support are administered," adds Guarino.

Special attention is also paid to humanizing care: water dispensers are available for patients in the triage area, providing practical assistance during waiting times, especially on hot days, and a choice that also helps reduce the use of single-use plastic.

The protocol also establishes observation and discharge procedures. Patients who improve rapidly can return home, while those requiring further monitoring remain in intensive care or are admitted to the most appropriate ward.

Doctors' warning is clear: don't underestimate symptoms such as mental confusion, loss of consciousness, weakness, high fever, nausea, vomiting, or cramps, especially in elderly people living alone, young children, and people with chronic illnesses or taking medications.

"A hospital's ability to respond effectively to climate emergencies depends on its internal organization," emphasizes Anna Iervolino, general director of the Colli Hospital. "The Heat Program activated at the CTO demonstrates our commitment to ensuring safety, expertise, and timeliness for the Naples community, while also paying close attention to hospitality and environmental sustainability."